在Ubuntu上实现Python与Java的互操作可以通过多种方式实现,以下是几种常见的方法:
使用JPype库在Python中调用Java
JPype是一个允许Python代码直接调用Java类的库。以下是基本步骤:
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安装JPype:
pip3 install jpype1
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打包Java代码为JAR: 编译Java类并打包为JAR文件。例如:
javac testDemo.java jar cvf testDemo.jar testDemo.class
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在Python中调用Java:
from jpype import * import os # 启动Java虚拟机 startJVM("/usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/java", "-ea", "-Djava.class.path=/path/to/testDemo.jar") # 加载Java类 JClass("testDemo") # 调用Java方法 result = JClass("testDemo").inputTest("Hello") print(result) # 关闭Java虚拟机 shutdownJVM()
使用Jython在Python中运行Java代码
Jython是Python语言的Java实现,允许Python代码直接调用Java类。以下是基本步骤:
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安装Jython:
wget https://downloads.apache.org//jython/2.7.2/jython-standalone-2.7.2.jar java -jar jython-standalone-2.7.2.jar
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编写Java代码(例如
testDemo.java
):package com.example; public class testDemo { public String inputTest(String input) { return "Input content: " + input; } }
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在Jython中调用Java:
from com.example import testDemo demo = testDemo() print(demo.inputTest("Hello"))
使用Apache Thrift进行跨语言调用
Apache Thrift是一个跨语言的服务定义框架,支持多种语言包括Python和Java。以下是基本步骤:
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定义Thrift文件(例如
example.thrift
):namespace java com.example namespace py com.example service SharedService { string constMap(1: string mapConstant) struct Work { 1: i32 num1 2: i32 num2 3: Operation op 4: optional string comment } enum Operation { ADD = 1 SUBTRACT = 2 MULTIPLY = 3 DIVIDE = 4 } struct SharedStruct { 1: i32 key 2: string value } sharedStruct getSharedStruct(1: string key) }
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生成Java和Python代码:
thrift --gen java example.thrift thrift --gen py example.thrift
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在Java中实现服务:
package com.example; import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TBinaryProtocol; import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TProtocol; import org.apache.thrift.transport.TSocket; import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransport; import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransportException; import org.apache.thrift.server.TServer; import org.apache.thrift.server.TSimpleServer; import org.apache.thrift.server.TThreadPoolServer; import org.apache.thrift.server.TThreadPoolServer.Args; import org.apache.thrift.impl.TMultiplexedProtocol; import org.apache.thrift.impl.TProtocolFactory; import org.apache.thrift.impl.TTransportFactory; public class SharedServiceImpl implements SharedService.Iface { @Override public Map
constMap(String mapConstant) { Map result = new HashMap<>(); result.put("mapConstant", mapConstant); return result; } public static void main(String[] args) { try { TTransport transport = new TSocket("localhost", 9090); transport.open(); TProtocol protocol = new TBinaryProtocol(transport); SharedService.Client client = new SharedService.Client(protocol); TMultiplexedProtocol multiplexedProtocol = new TMultiplexedProtocol(protocol, "shared"); SharedService.Client sharedClient = new SharedService.Client(multiplexedProtocol); Map result = sharedClient.constMap("hello:world"); System.out.println(result); transport.close(); } catch (TTransportException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } -
在Python中调用Java服务:
from shared_service import SharedService from thrift.transport import TSocket from thrift.transport import TTransport from thrift.protocol import TBinaryProtocol transport = TSocket.TSocket('localhost', 9090) transport.open() protocol = TBinaryProtocol.TBinaryProtocol(transport) client = SharedService.Client(protocol) result = client.constMap({'hello': 'world'}) print(result) transport.close()
通过以上方法,您可以在Ubuntu上实现Python与Java的互操作,选择适合您项目需求的方法进行实现。