在 Ubuntu 下进行 C++ 网络编程实战,你需要了解一些基本的网络编程概念和相关库
- 安装必要的库和工具:
sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install build-essential g++ cmake
- 创建一个新的项目文件夹并进入:
mkdir cpp_networking_project cd cpp_networking_project
- 创建一个名为
CMakeLists.txt
的文件,用于配置项目:
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10) project(cpp_networking_project) set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 14) add_executable(server server.cpp) add_executable(client client.cpp)
- 创建服务器(server.cpp)和客户端(client.cpp)源代码文件:
server.cpp
:
#include#include #include #include #include const int PORT = 8080; const int BUFFER_SIZE = 1024; int main() { int server_fd, new_socket; struct sockaddr_in address; int addrlen = sizeof(address); char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE] = {0}; char *message = "Hello from server!"; // 创建 socket if ((server_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == 0) { std::cerr << "Socket creation failed"<< std::endl; return -1; } // 绑定 socket address.sin_family = AF_INET; address.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY; address.sin_port = htons(PORT); if (bind(server_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&address, sizeof(address)) < 0) { std::cerr << "Bind failed"<< std::endl; return -1; } // 监听连接 if (listen(server_fd, 3) < 0) { std::cerr << "Listen failed"<< std::endl; return -1; } // 接受连接 if ((new_socket = accept(server_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&address, (socklen_t *)&addrlen)) < 0) { std::cerr << "Accept failed"<< std::endl; return -1; } // 读取客户端发送的数据 read(new_socket, buffer, BUFFER_SIZE); std::cout << "Message from client: "<< buffer<< std::endl; // 向客户端发送消息 send(new_socket, message, strlen(message), 0); std::cout << "Message sent to client"<< std::endl; // 关闭 socket close(new_socket); close(server_fd); return 0; }
client.cpp
:
#include#include #include #include #include const std::string SERVER_IP = "127.0.0.1"; const int PORT = 8080; const int BUFFER_SIZE = 1024; int main() { int sock = 0; struct sockaddr_in serv_addr; char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE] = {0}; char *message = "Hello from client!"; // 创建 socket if ((sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0) { std::cerr << "Socket creation failed"<< std::endl; return -1; } serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET; serv_addr.sin_port = htons(PORT); // 将 IP 地址转换为二进制格式 if (inet_pton(AF_INET, SERVER_IP.c_str(), &serv_addr.sin_addr) <= 0) { std::cerr << "Invalid address / Address not supported"<< std::endl; return -1; } // 连接到服务器 if (connect(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr)) < 0) { std::cerr << "Connection failed"<< std::endl; return -1; } // 向服务器发送消息 send(sock, message, strlen(message), 0); // 从服务器接收消息 read(sock, buffer, BUFFER_SIZE); std::cout << "Message from server: "<< buffer<< std::endl; // 关闭 socket close(sock); return 0; }
- 编译并运行项目:
cmake . make ./server & ./client
这个例子展示了如何在 Ubuntu 下使用 C++ 进行基本的网络编程。你可以根据自己的需求修改代码,实现更复杂的功能。