Ubuntu C++网络编程基础是什么

Ubuntu C++网络编程基础涉及多个方面，包括网络编程的基本概念、所需库和工具的安装、以及简单的示例代码。以下是主要内容：

1. 网络编程基本概念：网络编程是指通过计算机网络进行数据交换的过程。常见的网络编程模型包括TCP/IP和UDP。TCP（传输控制协议）提供可靠的、面向连接的数据传输，而UDP（用户数据报协议）则提供不可靠的、无连接的数据传输。

2. 所需库和工具：在Ubuntu上进行C++网络编程，需要安装一些基本的库和工具。可以使用以下命令安装：

   sudo apt-get update
   sudo apt-get install build-essential g++ cmake
   

3. 简单示例代码：以下是一个简单的TCP服务器和客户端示例代码：

   服务器端（server.cpp）：

   #include 
   #include 
   #include 
   #include 
   #include 
   
   const int PORT = 8080;
   const int BUFFER_SIZE = 1024;
   
   int main() {
       int server_fd, new_socket;
       struct sockaddr_in address;
       int addrlen = sizeof(address);
       char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE] = {0};
       char *message = "Hello from server!";
   
       if ((server_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == 0) {
           std::cerr << "Socket creation failed" << std::endl;
           return -1;
       }
   
       address.sin_family = AF_INET;
       address.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
       address.sin_port = htons(PORT);
   
       if (bind(server_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&address, sizeof(address)) == 0) {
           std::cerr << "Bind failed" << std::endl;
           return -1;
       }
   
       if (listen(server_fd, 3) == 0) {
           std::cerr << "Listen failed" << std::endl;
           return -1;
       }
   
       if ((new_socket = accept(server_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&address, (socklen_t *)&addrlen)) == 0) {
           std::cerr << "Accept failed" << std::endl;
           return -1;
       }
   
       read(new_socket, buffer, BUFFER_SIZE);
       std::cout << "Message from client: " << buffer << std::endl;
   
       send(new_socket, message, strlen(message), 0);
       std::cout << "Message sent to client" << std::endl;
   
       close(new_socket);
       close(server_fd);
       return 0;
   }
   

   客户端（client.cpp）：

   #include 
   #include 
   #include 
   #include 
   #include 
   
   const std::string SERVER_IP = "127.0.0.1";
   const int PORT = 8080;
   const int BUFFER_SIZE = 1024;
   
   int main() {
       int sock = 0;
       struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;
       char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE] = {0};
       char *message = "Hello from client!";
   
       if ((sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == 0) {
           std::cerr << "Socket creation failed" << std::endl;
           return -1;
       }
   
       serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
       serv_addr.sin_port = htons(PORT);
   
       if (inet_pton(AF_INET, SERVER_IP.c_str(), &serv_addr.sin_addr) <= 0) {
           std::cerr << "Invalid address / Address not supported" << std::endl;
           return -1;
       }
   
       if (connect(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr)) == 0) {
           std::cerr << "Connection failed" << std::endl;
           return -1;
       }
   
       send(sock, message, strlen(message), 0);
   
       read(sock, buffer, BUFFER_SIZE);
       std::cout << "Message from server: " << buffer << std::endl;
   
       close(sock);
       return 0;
   }
   

4. 编译和运行：使用CMake配置项目并编译运行：

   mkdir cpp_networking_project
   cd cpp_networking_project
   cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10)
   project(cpp_networking_project)
   set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 14)
   add_executable(server server.cpp)
   add_executable(client client.cpp)
   cmake .
   make
   ./server & ./client
   

通过这些步骤，你可以在Ubuntu上使用C++进行基本的网络编程。