Oracle的分析函数(Analytic Functions)是一种强大的工具,它们允许你在查询中对数据进行复杂的计算和分析。这些函数可以直接嵌入到SQL查询中,提供对数据的即时分析,而不需要对数据进行额外的处理或分组。
以下是一些常用的Oracle分析函数及其应用场景:
- AVG():计算某列的平均值。
SELECT AVG(salary) FROM employees;
- COUNT():计算某列的非空值数量。
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM employees; SELECT COUNT(department_id) FROM employees;
- MIN() 和 MAX():分别找出某列的最小值和最大值。
SELECT MIN(salary) FROM employees; SELECT MAX(salary) FROM employees;
- SUM():计算某列的总和。
SELECT SUM(salary) FROM employees;
- DENSE_RANK() 和 RANK():计算某列的排名,DENSE_RANK()会为相同的值分配连续的排名,而RANK()则会为相同的值分配相同的排名,但下一个不同的值会获得下一个排名。
SELECT DENSE_RANK() OVER (ORDER BY salary DESC) AS rank FROM employees; SELECT RANK() OVER (ORDER BY salary DESC) AS rank FROM employees;
- LAG() 和 LEAD():这两个函数允许你访问结果集中的前一行或后一行数据。
SELECT salary, LAG(salary) OVER (ORDER BY salary) AS prev_salary FROM employees; SELECT salary, LEAD(salary) OVER (ORDER BY salary) AS next_salary FROM employees;
- FIRST_VALUE() 和 LAST_VALUE():分别返回某列的第一个值和最后一个值。
SELECT FIRST_VALUE(salary) OVER (ORDER BY salary) AS first_salary FROM employees; SELECT LAST_VALUE(salary) OVER (ORDER BY salary) AS last_salary FROM employees;
- SUM() OVER() 和 AVG() OVER():这些函数允许你在一个窗口上对数据进行累积计算。
SELECT salary, SUM(salary) OVER (ORDER BY salary rows BETWEEN unbounded PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW) AS running_total_salary FROM employees; SELECT salary, AVG(salary) OVER (ORDER BY salary rows BETWEEN unbounded PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW) AS running_avg_salary FROM employees;
了解这些函数的使用方法并结合实际的数据分析需求,可以帮助你更有效地从Oracle数据库中提取有价值的信息。