Snowflake ID 是一种分布式系统中生成唯一 ID 的算法,由 Twitter 开源。它可以在不依赖数据库或其他存储设备的情况下生成全局唯一的 ID。Snowflake ID 通常是一个 64 位的整数,由以下部分组成:
- 前 1 位未使用,任意填充。
- 41 位表示时间戳。
- 10 位表示工作机器 ID,可通过部署多个 Snowflake 服务。
- 12 位序列号,单节点每毫秒内可以生成 4096 个 ID。
以下是一个简单的 C# 实现:
using System;
using System.Threading;
public class SnowflakeIdWorker
{
private const long Twepoch = 1288834974657L;
private const int WorkerIdBits = 10;
private const int SequenceBits = 12;
private const long MaxWorkerId = -1L ^ (-1L<< WorkerIdBits);
private const long SequenceMask = -1L ^ (-1L << SequenceBits);
private static readonly object SyncRoot = new object();
private readonly long _workerId;
private long _sequence;
private long _lastTimestamp;
public SnowflakeIdWorker(long workerId)
{
if (workerId > MaxWorkerId || workerId < 0)
throw new ArgumentException($"Worker Id can't be greater than {MaxWorkerId} or less than 0");
_workerId = workerId;
}
public long NextId()
{
lock (SyncRoot)
{
var timestamp = TimeGen();
if (timestamp < _lastTimestamp)
throw new Exception($"Invalid system clock! Refusing to generate id for {_lastTimestamp - timestamp} milliseconds");
if (_lastTimestamp == timestamp)
{
_sequence = (_sequence + 1) & SequenceMask;
if (_sequence == 0) timestamp = TilNextMillis(_lastTimestamp);
}
else
{
_sequence = 0;
}
_lastTimestamp = timestamp;
var id = ((timestamp - Twepoch) << (WorkerIdBits + SequenceBits)) | (_workerId << SequenceBits) | _sequence;
return id;
}
}
protected virtual long TilNextMillis(long lastTimestamp)
{
var timestamp = TimeGen();
while (timestamp <= lastTimestamp) timestamp = TimeGen();
return timestamp;
}
protected virtual long TimeGen()
{
return DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.ToUnixTimeMilliseconds();
}
}
要使用此类生成 Snowflake ID,请创建一个 SnowflakeIdWorker
实例并调用 NextId()
方法。例如:
var worker = new SnowflakeIdWorker(1); // Use worker ID 1 var id = worker.NextId(); Console.WriteLine("Generated Snowflake ID: " + id);
注意:这个实现不是线程安全的,如果需要在多线程环境中使用,请确保对 NextId()
方法进行适当的同步。在上面的代码中,我们使用了 lock
关键字来实现同步。