在CentOS上实现Fortran并行计算主要有两种方法:使用OpenMP进行多核并行计算,以及使用MPI进行分布式并行计算。以下是具体实现方式:
OpenMP
OpenMP是一种支持多平台共享内存并行编程的API。通过使用OpenMP,可以在Fortran程序中方便地实现多核并行计算。以下是一个简单的OpenMP示例:
program openmp_example use omp_lib implicit none integer :: i, n real, allocatable :: array(:), result(:) integer :: num_threads, thread_id n = 1000000 allocate(array(n)) allocate(result(n)) ! 初始化数组 array = 1.0 ! 设置并行区域 num_threads = omp_get_max_threads() print *, "Using", num_threads, "threads for parallel computation." !omp parallel do private(thread_id, i) do i = 1, n thread_id = omp_get_thread_num() result(i) = array(i) * 2.0 end do !omp end parallel do ! 验证结果 if (all(result == 2.0)) then print *, "Parallel computation successful." else print *, "Error in parallel computation." end if deallocate(array) deallocate(result) end program openmp_example
MPI
MPI(Message Passing Interface)是一种用于分布式内存系统并行计算的标准。以下是一个简单的MPI示例:
program mpi_example use mpi implicit none integer :: ierr, rank, size, n, i real, allocatable :: array(:), local_sum, global_sum integer, parameter :: root = 0 call MPI_Init(ierr) call MPI_Comm_rank(MPI_COMM_WORLD, rank, ierr) call MPI_Comm_size(MPI_COMM_WORLD, size, ierr) n = 1000000 / size allocate(array(n)) array = real(rank) * 1.0 ! 每个进程计算部分和 local_sum = 0.0 do i = 1, n local_sum = local_sum + array(i) end do ! 所有部分和相加得到全局和 call MPI_Reduce(local_sum, global_sum, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, root, MPI_COMM_WORLD, ierr) if (rank == root) then print *, "Global sum:", global_sum end if deallocate(array) call MPI_Finalize(ierr) end program mpi_example
编译和运行
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使用gfortran和ifort编译器:
- OpenMP示例:
gfortran -fopenmp -o openmp_example openmp_example.f90
- MPI示例:
mpif90 -o mpi_example mpi_example.f90
- OpenMP示例:
-
运行命令:
- OpenMP示例:
./openmp_example
- MPI示例:
mpirun -np
./mpi_example
- OpenMP示例:
通过上述方法,可以在CentOS上利用Fortran进行并行计算,从而提高计算效率和性能。