在Ubuntu上进行C++网络编程,你可以使用多种库和API。以下是一些常用的方法和步骤:
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使用BSD套接字API: BSD套接字是Unix和类Unix系统(包括Linux)上用于网络通信的标准API。C++可以通过标准库中的
、
、
等头文件来使用这些API。下面是一个简单的TCP服务器和客户端的例子:
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TCP服务器示例:
#include
#include #include #include #include int main() { int server_fd, new_socket; struct sockaddr_in address; int opt = 1; int addrlen = sizeof(address); char buffer[1024] = {0}; // 创建socket文件描述符 if ((server_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == 0) { perror("socket failed"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } // 设置socket选项 if (setsockopt(server_fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR | SO_REUSEPORT, &opt, sizeof(opt))) { perror("setsockopt"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } address.sin_family = AF_INET; address.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY; address.sin_port = htons(8080); // 绑定socket到地址 if (bind(server_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&address, sizeof(address)) < 0) { perror("bind failed"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } // 监听连接 if (listen(server_fd, 3) < 0) { perror("listen"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } // 接受连接 if ((new_socket = accept(server_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&address, (socklen_t*)&addrlen)) < 0) { perror("accept"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } // 读取数据 read(new_socket, buffer, 1024); std::cout << buffer << std::endl; // 发送响应 send(new_socket, "Hello from server", 17, 0); std::cout << "Hello message sent\n"; // 关闭socket close(new_socket); close(server_fd); return 0; } -
TCP客户端示例:
#include
#include #include #include #include int main() { struct sockaddr_in serv_addr; int sock = 0; std::string message = "Hello from client"; char buffer[1024] = {0}; // 创建socket文件描述符 if ((sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0) { std::cout << "\n Socket creation error \n"; return -1; } serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET; serv_addr.sin_port = htons(8080); // 将IPv4地址从文本转换为二进制形式 if(inet_pton(AF_INET, "127.0.0.1", &serv_addr.sin_addr) <= 0) { std::cout << "\nInvalid address/ Address not supported \n"; return -1; } // 连接到服务器 if (connect(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr)) < 0) { std::cout << "\nConnection Failed \n"; return -1; } // 发送数据 send(sock, message.c_str(), message.size(), 0); std::cout << "Message sent\n"; // 读取响应 read(sock, buffer, 1024); std::cout << "Server: " << buffer << std::endl; // 关闭socket close(sock); return 0; }
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使用高级网络库: 除了BSD套接字,你还可以使用一些高级网络库来简化网络编程,例如Boost.Asio、libuv、POCO等。这些库提供了更简洁的接口和更多的功能。
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使用Boost.Asio的例子: Boost.Asio是一个跨平台的C++库,用于异步I/O操作。以下是一个简单的TCP客户端示例:
#include
#include using boost::asio::ip::tcp; int main() { try { boost::asio::io_context io_context; tcp::resolver resolver(io_context); tcp::resolver::results_type endpoints = resolver.resolve("127.0.0.1", "8080"); tcp::socket socket(io_context); boost::asio::connect(socket, endpoints); boost::asio::write(socket, boost::asio::buffer("Hello from client", 17)); char reply[1024]; boost::system::error_code error; size_t reply_length = socket.read_some(boost::asio::buffer(reply), error); if (error == boost::asio::error::eof) error = boost::asio::error::connection_reset; if (error) throw boost::system::system_error(error); std::cout << "Reply is: "; std::cout.write(reply, reply_length); std::cout << "\n"; } catch (std::exception& e) { std::cerr << "Exception: " << e.what() << "\n"; } return 0; }
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在开始编程之前,请确保你的Ubuntu系统已经安装了必要的编译工具和库。对于使用Boost.Asio的例子,你需要安装Boost库:
sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install libboost-all-dev
然后,你可以使用g++编译器来编译上述示例代码:
g++ -o server server.cpp g++ -o client client.cpp
运行服务器程序后,再运行客户端程序,你应该能够看到它们之间的通信。